Stabilizing current or voltage lighting circuit with resistive bypass and LED illumination assemblies

ABSTRACT

A decorative light string is provided that includes a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) illumination assemblies electrically connected in series and a stabilizing current or voltage circuit. Each of the plurality of LED illumination assemblies includes an LED. The stabilizing current or voltage circuit is electrically connected in series with the plurality of LED illumination assemblies. The stabilizing current or voltage circuit is configured to receive input power from an input power source and configured to supply a stabilized current or voltage to the plurality of LED illumination assemblies that provides a stable supply even with input power source fluctuations. Power fluctuations from an input power source can prevent the decorative light string from maintaining a desired brightness and desired LED life unless the voltage or current to the LED illumination assemblies is stabilized.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This disclosure relates to light-emitting diode (LED) lighting stringshaving a plurality of LED illumination assemblies spaced along thestring.

BACKGROUND

Ornamental or decorative lighting, such as holiday lighting includesstrings of bulbs spaced out along a pair of wires. The bulbs may beincandescent or now more frequently, LEDs. In the United States ofAmerica (USA) it is not uncommon for a power outlet rated at a nominal120 volts (V) alternating current (AC) to supply voltage anywherebetween 107V to 130V depending, on for example, a distance of the outletfrom a utility transformer. Also, during a brownout (e.g., anintentional or unintentional drop in voltage in an electrical powersupply system) the outlet may supply as low as 102V. Fluctuations involtage supplied by the power outlet can thereby cause variations inbrightness levels of conventional decorative lighting circuits.

As described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,433,057 and 9,510,423 ornamental ordecorative light strings can provide a resistor in series with LEDs tolimit the current to each of the LEDs. In these configurations, theamount of current to the LEDs can vary based on voltage variations froma power supply source (e.g., a 120 V AC power outlet). Suchconfigurations can prevent the LEDs from maintaining a constantbrightness and can potentially lead to LED burnout if an overvoltagesituation occurs such as operation at 130V.

Light strings have employed bypass resistors to compensate for failedlight elements/filaments, but the result is that the entire light stringis dimmed by the increase string resistance. Thus the solution toprotecting the string against being open circuited is incomplete withouta way to maintain brightness.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The disclosure encompasses many embodiments. Potential embodiments aredetailed below in summary fashion. Please understand that this summarydoes not encompass the entire disclosure but is provided to assist thereader in reviewing the entire disclosure and claims which alsoconstitute part of the disclosure.

The embodiments disclosed herein provide an LED lighting string with anoptional bypass element and single or dual-LED illumination assembliesusing a stabilizing current or voltage circuit in-line with each LEDillumination assembly

The embodiments described herein can maintain current and/or voltageparameters of the LED illumination assemblies regardless of any inputvoltage fluctuation. For example, in some embodiments a brightness levelof the LED illumination assemblies can be maintained regardless of anyinput voltage fluctuation. Also, the embodiments described herein canavoid quicker burnout of LED(s) for each of the LED illuminationassemblies by preventing the LED(s) from receiving rising current causedby an overvoltage of the input voltage.

Conventional LEDs are not current limiting devices on their own andlarge current increases or decreases can be observed with small voltagechanges. An example based on typical forward current versus forwardvoltage characteristics, for example of a white LED, demonstrates thatwith only a 17% increase in voltage, the current can exponentiallyincrease by 500% and vice versa if the voltage were to decrease.

In one embodiment, a decorative light string is provided. The decorativelight string includes a plurality of LED illumination assemblies and astabilizing current or voltage circuit. The plurality of LEDillumination assemblies is electrically connected in series and each ofthe LED illumination assemblies includes an LED. The stabilizing currentor voltage circuit is electrically connected in series with theplurality of LED illumination assemblies. The stabilizing current orvoltage circuit is configured to receive input power from an input powersource and configured to supply a stabilized current or voltage to theplurality of LED illumination assemblies that provides a stable supplyeven with input power source fluctuations.

In some embodiments, each of the plurality of LED illuminationassemblies includes a bypass element electrically connected in parallelwith the LED.

In some embodiments, the bypass element can be a resistor, a Zenerdiode, a thermistor, a capacitor, etc.

In some embodiments, the decorative light string includes a controllerconfigured to control current flow provided to the stabilizing currentor voltage circuit to switch between a steady on state to one or morespecial effects states.

In some embodiments, the one or more special effects states includes atleast one of twinkling, flashing/fading/pulsating and color changing.

In some embodiments, the controller includes a rectifier to convert theinput power from the input power source from an alternating current (AC)input power to a direct current (DC) power.

In some embodiments, each of the plurality of LED illuminationassemblies is a dual-LED illumination assembly including the LED and atleast a second LED electrically connected in parallel.

In some embodiments, the LED and at least the second LED are configuredto conduct current in opposing directions to form a bi-directional LED.

In some embodiments, the LED and at least the second LED are configuredto conduct current in a same direction to form a parallel LED.

In some embodiments, each of the plurality of LED illuminationassemblies includes a bypass element electrically connected in parallelwith the LED and at least the second LED.

In some embodiments, the decorative light string also includes aplurality of second LED illumination assemblies that are electricallyconnected in series. Each of the plurality of second LED illuminationassemblies includes a second LED. The plurality of second LEDillumination assemblies are connected in series with the stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit and are connected in parallel with theplurality of LED illumination assemblies. The stabilizing current orvoltage circuit is configured to supply a stabilized current or voltageto the plurality of second LED illumination assemblies that provides astable supply even with input power source fluctuations.

In some embodiments, the stabilizing current or voltage circuit is aconstant current circuit configured to supply a stabilized current tothe plurality of LED illumination assemblies even with input powersource fluctuations.

In some embodiments, the stabilizing current circuit includes a currentcontrol circuit, a resistive element electrically connected to thecurrent control circuit, and a distribution circuit electricallyconnected to the current control circuit. The distribution circuit isconfigured to receive AC input power from the input power source andconfigured to supply a stabilized DC current to the plurality of LEDillumination assemblies that provides a stable supply even with inputpower source fluctuations. The current control circuit with theresistive element is configured to control a current value of thestabilized DC current supplied by the distribution circuit.

In some embodiments, the stabilizing current or voltage circuit is aconstant voltage circuit configured to supply a stabilized voltage tothe plurality of LED illumination assemblies that provides a stablesupply even with input power source fluctuations.

In some embodiments, each of the plurality of LED illuminationassemblies includes the LED and one or more additional LEDs.

In some embodiments, the LED and at least one of the one or moreadditional LEDs are configured to conduct current in opposingdirections.

In some embodiments, the LED and at least one of the one or moreadditional LEDs are each housed in a separate enclosure.

In some embodiments, the LED and at least one of the one or moreadditional LEDs are configured to conduct current in a same direction.

In another embodiment, a method for preventing dimming of a light stringconstructed of plurality of LEDs, which are protected against opencircuiting due to LED failure, is provided. The method includesconfiguring the decorative light string to receive input power from aninput power source. The method also includes connecting a bypass elementin parallel with at least some of the plurality of LEDs, so that in theevent an LED fails, the light string will continue to conduct current.Also, the method includes configuring the input power source to supply astabile current or voltage to the LEDs such that the stabile current orvoltage is provided regardless of whether any of the plurality of LEDsfail.

In yet another embodiment, a method for preventing shortening a life ofa decorative light string constructed of a plurality of LEDs, which areprotected against open circuiting due to LED failure, is provided. Themethod includes configuring the decorative light string to receive inputpower from an input power source. The method also includes connecting abypass element in parallel with at least some of the plurality of LEDs,so that in the event that any of the plurality of LEDs fail, thedecorative light string will continue to conduct current. Also, themethod includes configuring the input power source to supply a stabilecurrent or voltage to the plurality of LEDs such that a stabile currentor voltage is provided regardless of whether any of the plurality ofLEDs fail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates a portion of an ornamental or decorative lightstring, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 1B illustrates a portion of the ornamental or decorative lightstring shown in FIG. 1A without a protective housing, according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a firstembodiment.

FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a secondembodiment.

FIG. 2C is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a thirdembodiment.

FIG. 2D is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a fourthembodiment.

FIG. 2E is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a fifthembodiment.

FIG. 2F is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a sixthembodiment.

FIG. 2G is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to a seventhembodiment.

FIG. 2H is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit with resistive bypass according to an eighthembodiment.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram view of a constant current circuit,according to one embodiment.

Like reference numbers represent like parts throughout.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments disclosed herein provide a current or voltage limitinglighting circuit with an optional bypass element and LED illuminationassemblies. In some embodiments, the current limiting lighting circuitcan use a stabilizing current or voltage circuit in-line with each LEDillumination assembly.

In this disclosure, embodiments of a current or voltage limitinglighting circuit with a plurality of LED illumination assemblies areprovided. These embodiments are particularly advantageous formaintaining a brightness level and a life of the illumination assemblieseven with voltage fluctuations from a power supply source (e.g., a 120 VAC power outlet). Also in some cases LEDs fail as a short circuit, inwhich case the embodiments described herein can limit the current orvoltage from increasing across the remaining LEDs in series as the totalcurrent/voltage is limited.

When an LED has a bypass element (such as a resistor, diode, Zenerdiode, thermistor, capacitor or other active or passive device)connected in parallel, the bypass element provides a bypass route forcurrent in the event the LED fails. If too many LEDs fail as a shortcircuit, the current through or voltage applied to the remaining LEDsmay be so great as to cause further LED failures to cascade through thesystem. To prevent this, and still have the benefits of the bypass,controlling/stabilizing/limiting the amount of current through orvoltage applied at input will prevent this cascade failure. Also, if toomany LEDs fail as an open circuit, through or the voltage applied to theremaining LEDs may drop which can cause the brightness of the remainingLEDs to dim.

The other possibility is that the failure of an LED, causes the rest ofthe light string to dim because the optional bypass element has a higherresistance than the combination of the optional bypass element plus LED.As several LEDs fail, the string will go dim. To prevent this, the powersupply is adapted to insure that a stabilized voltage (or a stabilizedcurrent, or both) is provided regardless of the line resistance in thestring.

FIGS. 1A-B illustrate a portion of an ornamental or decorative lightstring 100 according to the embodiments described herein. The lightstring 100 includes a plurality of illumination assemblies 105 and astabilizing current or voltage circuit 110 electrically and physicallyconnected via a wire pair 115.

Each of the illumination assemblies 105 includes a bulb housing 107configured to house, for example, one or more LEDs (not shown), and asocket 109 configured to electrically and physically connect the one ormore LEDs to a wire (not shown) of the wire pair 115. In someembodiments, each of the illumination assemblies 105 can be a dual-LEDillumination assembly. In some embodiments the dual-LED illuminationassembly can include a bi-directional LED that includes at least twoopposing LEDs configured to conduct current in opposing directions asdiscussed in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 2A-2D. In someembodiments the dual-LED illumination assembly can include at least twoLEDs in parallel configured to conduct current in the same direction, asdiscussed in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 2E-2H. In someembodiments, each of the LEDs of a dual-LED illumination assembly can beindependently controlled. While the illumination assemblies 105 includesa single bulb housing 107, it will be appreciated that in otherembodiments an illumination assembly with multiple bulb housings eachhousing one or more of the LEDs. Also, in some embodiments, each of theLEDs of a dual-LED illumination assembly can emit a different colorlight. The plurality of illumination assemblies 105 can be configured toemit ornamental or decorative lighting. In some embodiments, each of theillumination assemblies can include a single LED chip.

The stabilizing current or voltage circuit 110 includes a protectivehousing 112 (see FIG. 1A) that houses a printed circuit board 113 (seeFIG. 1B) that includes a stabilizing current or voltage circuit 114 (seeFIG. 1B). The stabilizing current or voltage circuit 110 can beconfigured to receive power from an input power source (such as a 120 VAC power outlet) and can be configured to supply a stabilized current orvoltage to one or more of the illumination assemblies 105. In someembodiments, the stabilizing current or voltage circuit 110 can be aconstant current source, a constant voltage source, etc. In someembodiments, a voltage regulator, such as a linear regular using 78XX/79 XX series chips, a switching regulator using an LM2676 chip wouldbe suitable, an SCR regulator or other known circuits would be suitable.See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator for examples.

The illumination assemblies 105 are wired to the stabilizing current orvoltage circuit 110 via the wire pair 115. The wire pair 115 includes aprotective sheath 116 that covers the wire (not shown) housed therein.

In some embodiments, the light string 100 can also include a controller(not shown) that can control current flow provided to the stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit 110 to switch between a steady on state toone or more special effects states such as a twinkling,flashing/fading/pulsating, color changing, or other switchable effectswhich may include reversing the voltage to the LEDs.

Twinkling can be described as a change in brightness (ramping up/down,dimming) or a switching on/off and changing the frequency of theswitching or both including the separate control of red, green and blueLEDs in a single illumination assembly 105 to create color changingeffects that include fading or flashing.

Examples of light strings that can switch between a steady on to atwinkling effect are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 10,080,265 and9,554,437 that are owned by Seasonal Specialties, LLC and incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

Different embodiments of a circuit architecture for the light string 100are discussed in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 2A-F.

FIGS. 2A-2H illustrate different embodiments of a circuit architecturefor the light string 100 shown in FIGS. 1A-B. It will be appreciatedthat the circuits described below can be configured to be connected toand receive power from a conventional power outlet (e.g., a nominal 120V AC power outlet). While the embodiments described with respect toFIGS. 2A-2H all include dual-LED illumination assemblies, it will beappreciated that in other embodiments a single LED illumination assemblycan also be used.

FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 200 with resistive bypass according to a firstembodiment. The circuit 200 is a series connected light string thatincludes a stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205, a plurality ofbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 and a controller 215.

The plurality of bi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 areconfigured in series. Each of the bi-directional LED illuminationassemblies 210 includes a bi-directional LED 220 in parallel with anoptional bypass element, shown here as resistor 225. The bi-directionalLED 220 includes opposing LEDs 222 a, 222 b that are configured conductcurrent in opposing directions. In some embodiments the opposing LEDs222 a, 222 b are two separate LED chips with one chip opposing the otherchip. It will be appreciated that while the bi-directional LED 220 shownin FIGS. 2A-2D includes only two opposing LEDs 222 a, 222 b, in otherembodiments a bi-directional LED can be used that includes 3 or moreLEDs that are configured to conduct current in opposing directions. Itwill be appreciated that each of the two opposing LEDs 222 a,b can behoused in a separate enclosure or both of the opposing LEDs 222 a,b canbe housed in the same enclosure.

In some embodiments, the optional bypass element can also be, forexample, a diode, a Zener diode, a thermistor, a capacitor, etc. Also,it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the plurality ofbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 may not include theoptional bypass element such as the resistor 225.

When all bi-directional LEDs 220 are operating properly, a portion ofthe total current flowing through one of the bi-directional LEDillumination assemblies 210 flows through the bi-directional LED 220,while the remainder of the total current can flow through the optionalbypass element (for example, when the optional bypass element is theresistor 225, a capacitor, etc.) It will be appreciated that when theoptional bypass element is a thermistor, diode, Zener diode, etc.,current does not flow through the optional bypass element until, forexample, the corresponding bi-directional LED illumination assembly 210fails. In the event that a bi-directional LED 220 ceases to conduct, andcurrent flow is interrupted through that bi-directional LED 220, thetotal current will flow through its corresponding bypass element (e.g.,the resistor 225). A missing, broken, or improperly connectedbi-directional LED 220 may cause the bi-directional LED 220 to fail toconduct. Without bypass elements operating in parallel with acorresponding bi-directional LED 220, any failure in one bi-directionalLED illumination assembly 210 would interrupt power to all otherbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210. The values of bypasselements are typically the same, and are chosen such that an appropriatecurrent flows through the bi-directional LED 220 when all thebi-directional LEDs 220 are operating properly.

The stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205 is configured to maintaincurrent and/or voltage parameters for power being supplied to thebi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210. Thus, regardless of anyinput voltage fluctuation that may occur from an input power source (orinput line voltage) powering the circuit 200, the bi-directional LEDillumination assemblies 210 are prevented from receiving power deviatingfrom the designed operating parameters of the bi-directional LEDillumination assemblies 210. For example, if the input power source (orinput line voltage) goes higher than the designed operating parametersof the bi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210, the stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit 205 can maintain a desired current or voltageto the bi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 and therebyprevent, for example, burnout of the bi-directional LEDs 220. Dependingon operation (or inclusion) of the controller 215, the stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit 205 is capable of receiving an AC powersignal, a chopped AC power signal, a direct current (DC) power signal,and a pulsed DC power signal. Details of the stabilizing current orvoltage circuit 205 is discussed in more detail below with respect toFIG. 3 . In some embodiments, the stabilizing current or voltage circuit205 can be configured to prevent overheating of one or morebi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210.

The controller 215 is configured to control operation of the circuit200. That is, the controller 215 can control current flow provided tothe stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205 to switch between asteady on state to one or more special effects states such as atwinkling, flashing/fading/pulsating, color changing, or otherswitchable effects. In some embodiments, the controller 215 can supplyan AC power signal to the stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205. Insome embodiments, the controller 215 can supply a chopped AC powersignal to the stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205. In someembodiments, the controller 215 can include a rectifier (e.g., a fullwave rectifier, a half wave rectifier, etc.) (not shown). In someembodiments, when the controller 215 includes a rectifier, thecontroller 215 can supply a DC power signal to the stabilizing currentor voltage circuit 205. In some embodiments, when the controller 215includes a rectifier, the controller 215 can supply a pulsed DC powersignal to the stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205. Also, in someembodiments, the controller 215 can control which of the opposing LEDs222 a, 222 b are turned on or off at any given time.

FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 230 with resistive bypass according to asecond embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown inFIG. 2A except that the circuit 230 is a series-parallel connected lightstring rather than a series connected light string. In a series-parallelconfiguration one or more groupings 212 of bi-directional LEDillumination assemblies 210 can be connected in parallel, with each ofthe one or more groupings 212 including multiple bi-directional LEDillumination assemblies 210 connected in series.

FIG. 2C is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 240 with resistive bypass according to a thirdembodiment. Similar to FIG. 2A, the circuit 240 is a series connectedlight string that includes a stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205and a plurality of bi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210.However, the circuit 240 does not include a controller (such as thecontroller 215 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B). Accordingly, the circuit 240is configured to always operate in a steady on state and does not havethe capability of providing one or more special effects states such as atwinkling, flashing/fading/pulsating, color changing, or otherswitchable effects.

FIG. 2D is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 250 with resistive bypass according to afourth embodiment. Similar to FIG. 2B, the circuit 250 is aseries-parallel connected light string that includes a stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit 205 and a plurality of bi-directional LEDillumination assemblies 210 combined in one or more groupings 212.However, the circuit 250 does not include a controller (such as thecontroller 215 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B).

FIG. 2E is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 260 with resistive bypass according to a fifthembodiment. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.2A except that the circuit 260 includes a plurality of parallel LEDillumination assemblies 265 as opposed to the plurality ofbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 shown in FIGS. 2A-D.

FIG. 2F is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 275 with resistive bypass according to a sixthembodiment. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.2B except that the circuit 275 includes the plurality of parallel LEDillumination assemblies 265 as opposed to the plurality ofbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 shown in FIGS. 2A-D. Thecircuit 275 is a series-parallel connected light string that includesthe stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205 and the plurality ofparallel LED illumination assemblies 265 combined in one or moregroupings 267.

FIG. 2G is a circuit diagram of a constant current or voltage dual-LEDlighting circuit 280 with resistive bypass according to a seventhembodiment. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.2C except that the circuit 280 includes the plurality of parallel LEDillumination assemblies 265 as opposed to the plurality ofbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 shown in FIGS. 2A-D.

FIG. 2H is a circuit diagram of a stabilizing current or voltagedual-LED lighting circuit 290 with resistive bypass according to aneighth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown inFIG. 2C except that the circuit 290 includes the plurality of parallelLED illumination assemblies 265 as opposed to the plurality ofbi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210 shown in FIGS. 2A-D. Thecircuit 290 is a series-parallel connected light string that includesthe stabilizing current or voltage circuit 205 and the plurality ofparallel LED illumination assemblies 265 combined in one or moregroupings 267.

With respect to FIGS. 2E-2H, each of the parallel LED illuminationassemblies 265 includes a parallel LED 270. In some embodiments, theparallel LED 270 includes a pair of LEDs 272 a,b in parallel with theoptional bypass element shown here as the resistor 225. It will beappreciated that while the parallel LED 220 shown in FIGS. 2E-2Hincludes only two LEDs 272 a,b in parallel, in other embodiments aparallel LED can be used that includes 3 or more LEDs that areconfigured to conduct current in in the same directions. In someembodiments, the optional bypass element can also be, for example, adiode, a Zener diode, a thermistor, a capacitor, etc. Each of the pairof LEDs 272 a,b are configured to conduct current in the same direction.In some embodiments the LEDs 272 a, 272 b are at least two separate LEDchips with one chip in-line and in parallel with the other chip. It willbe appreciated that each of the two LEDs 272 a,b can be housed in aseparate enclosure or both of the two LEDs 272 a,b can be housed in thesame enclosure. It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, theparallel LED illumination assemblies 265 may not include the optionalbypass element such as the resistor 225.

When all parallel LEDs 270 are operating properly, a portion of thetotal current flowing through one of the parallel LED illuminationassemblies 265 flows through both the parallel LEDs 272 a,b, while theremainder of the total current can flow through the optional bypasselement (for example, when the optional bypass element is the resistor225, a capacitor, etc.). It will be appreciated that when the optionalbypass element is a thermistor, diode, Zener diode, etc., current doesnot flow through the optional bypass element until, for example, thecorresponding parallel LED illumination assembly 265 fails. In the eventthat one of the parallel LEDs 272 a,b ceases to conduct, and currentflow is interrupted through that parallel LED 272 a or 272 b, a portionof the current will flow through the other of parallel LED 272 b or 272a and the remaining portion of the total current will flow through itscorresponding bypass element (e.g., when the optional bypass element isthe resistor 225). In the event that both parallel LEDs 272 a and 272 bcease to conduct, and current flow is interrupted through both parallelLEDs 272 a and 272 b, the total current will flow through itscorresponding bypass element. A missing, broken, or improperly connectedparallel LED 270 may cause the parallel LEDs 270 to fail to conduct.Without bypass elements operating in parallel with correspondingparallel LEDs 270, any failure in one parallel LED illumination assembly265 would interrupt power to all other parallel LED illuminationassemblies 265. The values of bypass elements are typically the same,and are chosen such that an appropriate current flows through theparallel LEDs 270 when all the parallel LEDs 270 are operating properly.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram view of a constant current circuit 300,according to one embodiment. In some embodiments, the stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit 205 shown in FIGS. 2A-H can be the constantcurrent circuit 300 discussed below.

The constant current circuit 300 is configured to provide a stabilizedamount of current to a load (e.g., one or more dual-LED illuminationassemblies such as the bi-directional LED illumination assemblies 210and the parallel LED illumination assemblies 265, etc.) that provides astable supply even with input power source fluctuations from an inputpower source (such as a 120 V AC power outlet). The constant currentcircuit 300 can also prevent the load from an overvoltage situation. Insome embodiments, when then current flowing through the constant currentcircuit 300 is greater than a maximum current threshold, the constantcurrent circuit 300 can use a feedback control loop to reduce thecurrent outputted by the constant current circuit 300. Similarly, insome embodiments, when then current flowing through the constant currentcircuit 300 is less than a minimum current threshold, the constantcurrent circuit 300 can use a feedback control loop to increase thecurrent outputted by the constant current circuit 300. In someembodiments, the constant current circuit 300 includes overheatregulation functionality. When the constant current circuit 300 isoverheated, the output current from the constant current circuit 300 canbe gradually reduced to control the temperature increase of a driveboard of the constant current circuit 300. This can increase thereliability and service life of the decorative or ornamental lightstring.

The constant current circuit 300 includes a distribution circuit 305electrically connected to a current control circuit 310. The currentcontrol circuit 310 is electrically connected to a resistive element 315shown here as a resistor. In some embodiments, the resistive element 315can be something other than a passive resistor, for example, a diode, aZener diode, a thermistor, a capacitor, etc. In some embodiments, theconstant current circuit 300 can be configured to prevent overheating ofone or more dual-LED illumination assemblies.

The distribution circuit 305 is configured to receive an AC power signalfrom, for example, an input power source (such as a 120 V AC poweroutlet) and output a stabilized DC current signal to the load. Thecurrent control circuit 310 is configured to control the current of thestabilized DC current signal outputted by the distribution circuit 305.The value of the stabilized DC current is controlled by the resistancevalue of the resistive element 315.

In some embodiments, the distribution circuit 305 can preventoverheating of the one or more dual-LED illumination assemblies in anentire decorative or ornamental lighting string by preventing current tothe dual-LED illumination assemblies from exceeding their maximumcurrent rating.

The description of the embodiments disclosed herein and its applicationsas set forth herein are illustrative and are not intended to limit thescope of the invention. Variations and modifications of the embodimentsdisclosed herein are possible, and practical alternatives to andequivalents of the various elements of the embodiments would beunderstood to those of ordinary skill in the art upon study of thispatent document. These and other variations and modifications of theembodiments disclosed herein may be made without departing from thescope and spirit of the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A decorative light string comprising: aplurality of light emitting diode (LED) illumination assemblieselectrically connected in series, wherein each of the plurality of LEDillumination assemblies includes a first LED and one or more additionalLEDs electrically connected in parallel with the first LED, wherein eachof the plurality of LED illumination assemblies includes a bypasselement electrically connected in parallel with the first LED and theone or more additional LEDs; a stabilizing current or voltage circuitelectrically connected in series with the plurality of LED illuminationassemblies, wherein the stabilizing current or voltage circuit isconfigured to supply a stabilized current or voltage to the plurality ofLED illumination assemblies that provides a stable supply even withinput power source fluctuations, and wherein the stabilizing current orvoltage circuit includes: a distribution circuit configured to output astabilized current signal, a current control circuit electricallyconnected to the distribution circuit, wherein the current controlcircuit is configured to control a current of the stabilized currentsignal outputted by the distribution circuit, and a resistive elementelectrically connected to the current control circuit, wherein thestabilized current is controlled by a resistance value of the resistiveelement; and a controller electrically disposed between the input powersource and the stabilizing current or voltage circuit, and wherein thecontroller is configured to control current flow provided to thestabilizing current or voltage circuit to provide a steady on state. 2.The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein the bypass element is aresistor.
 3. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein the one ormore special effects states includes at least one of twinkling,flashing/fading/pulsating and color changing.
 4. The decorative lightstring of claim 1, wherein the first LED and at least one of the one ormore additional LEDs are configured to conduct current in opposingdirections to form a bi-directional LED.
 5. The decorative light stringof claim 1, wherein the first LED and at least one of the one or moreadditional LEDs are configured to conduct current in a same direction toform a parallel LED.
 6. The decorative light string of claim 1, furthercomprising: a plurality of second LED illumination assemblieselectrically connected in series, wherein each of the plurality ofsecond LED illumination assemblies includes a second LED; wherein theplurality of second LED illumination assemblies are connected in serieswith the stabilizing current or voltage circuit and are connected inparallel with the plurality of LED illumination assemblies, and whereinthe stabilizing current or voltage circuit is configured to supply astabilized current or voltage to the plurality of second LEDillumination assemblies that provides a stable supply even with inputpower source fluctuations.
 7. The decorative light string of claim 1,wherein the stabilizing current or voltage circuit is a constant currentcircuit configured to supply a stabilized current to the plurality ofLED illumination assemblies even with input power source fluctuations.8. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein the first LED and atleast one of the one or more additional LEDs are configured to conductcurrent in opposing directions.
 9. The decorative light string of claim1, wherein the first LED and at least one of the one or more additionalLEDs are configured to conduct current in a same direction.
 10. Thedecorative light string of claim 1, wherein the first LED and at leastone of the one or more additional LEDs are each housed in a separateenclosure.
 11. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein thecurrent control circuit is electrically connected to a resistiveelement, and wherein the stabilized current is controlled by aresistance value of the resistive element.
 12. The decorative lightstring of claim 1, wherein the distribution circuit prevents overheatingof one or more of the LED illumination assemblies by preventing currentto the plurality of LED illumination assemblies from exceeding a maximumcurrent rating.
 13. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein whena current flowing through the stabilizing current or voltage circuit isgreater than a maximum current threshold, the stabilizing current orvoltage circuit is configured to use a feedback control loop to reducethe stabilized current signal outputted by the stabilizing current orvoltage circuit.
 14. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein thecontroller is configured to control which of the first LED and any ofthe one or more additional LEDs are turned on or off at any given time.15. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein the controllerincludes a rectifier to convert the input power from the input powersource from an alternating current (AC) input power to a direct current(DC) power.
 16. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein thecontroller is configured to control current flow provided to thestabilizing current or voltage circuit to switch between the steady onstate to one or more special effects states.
 17. The decorative lightstring of claim 1, wherein the stabilizing current or voltage circuit isprovided in a printed circuit board that is housed within a protectivehousing.
 18. The decorative light string of claim 1, wherein thestabilized current signal is a stabilized direct current (DC) currentsignal.
 19. A method for preventing dimming of a light stringconstructed of plurality of light emitting diode (LED) illuminationassemblies, which are protected against open circuiting due to LEDfailure, wherein each of the plurality of LED illumination assembliesincludes a first LED and one or more additional LEDs electricallyconnected in parallel with the first LED, the method comprising:configuring the decorative light string to receive input power from aninput power source; connecting a bypass element in parallel with thefirst LED and the one or more additional LEDs, so that in the event oneof the first LED and the one or more additional LEDs fails, the lightstring will continue to conduct current; a controller controllingcurrent flow provided to a stabilizing current or voltage circuit toprovide a steady on state; and the stabilizing current or voltagecircuit that is electrically connected in series with the plurality ofLED illumination assemblies supplying a stabilized current or voltage tothe plurality of LED illumination assemblies even with input powersource fluctuations, wherein supplying the stabilized current or voltageto the plurality of LED illumination assemblies includes: a distributioncircuit of the stabilizing current or voltage circuit outputting astabilized current signal, a current control circuit of the stabilizingcurrent or voltage circuit that is electrically connected to thedistribution circuit controlling a current of the stabilized currentsignal outputted by the distribution circuit, and a resistive elementelectrically connected to the current control circuit having aresistance value for controlling the stabilized current.
 20. A methodfor preventing shortening a life of a decorative light stringconstructed of a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) illuminationassemblies, which are protected against open circuiting due to LEDfailure, wherein each of the plurality of LED illumination assembliesincludes a first LED and one or more additional LEDs electricallyconnected in parallel with the first LED, the method comprising:configuring the decorative light string to receive input power from aninput power source connecting a bypass element in parallel with thefirst LED and the one or more additional LEDs, so that in the event oneof the first LED and the one or more additional LEDs fails, thedecorative light string will continue to conduct current; a controllercontrolling current flow provided to a stabilizing current or voltagecircuit to provide a steady on state; and the stabilizing current orvoltage circuit that is electrically connected in series with theplurality of LED illumination assemblies supplying a stabilized currentor voltage to the plurality of LED illumination assemblies even withinput power source fluctuations, wherein supplying the stabilizedcurrent or voltage to the plurality of LED illumination assembliesincludes: a distribution circuit of the stabilizing current or voltagecircuit outputting a stabilized current signal, a current controlcircuit of the stabilizing current or voltage circuit that iselectrically connected to the distribution circuit controlling a currentof the stabilized current signal outputted by the distribution circuit,and a resistive element electrically connected to the current controlcircuit having a resistance value for controlling the stabilizedcurrent.